See refutation on Wiktionary
{ "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "self-refutation" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "refute", "3": "-ation" }, "expansion": "By surface analysis, refute + -ation", "name": "surface analysis" } ], "etymology_text": "By surface analysis, refute + -ation.", "forms": [ { "form": "refutations", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "~" }, "expansion": "refutation (countable and uncountable, plural refutations)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "repudiation" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "55 45", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "51 49", "kind": "other", "name": "English terms suffixed with -ation", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "65 35", "kind": "other", "name": "Entries with translation boxes", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "61 39", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "56 44", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "51 49", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "56 44", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "52 48", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Czech translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "66 34", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Danish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "54 46", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Dutch translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "54 46", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with French translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "59 41", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with German translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "56 44", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Greek translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "53 47", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Irish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "57 43", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Italian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "57 43", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Japanese translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "53 47", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Korean translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "57 43", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Latin translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "53 47", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "49 51", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "57 43", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Russian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "53 47", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "61 39", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Spanish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "57 43", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Swedish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "53 47", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Tagalog translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "text": "Near-synonym: rebuttal (see note)" }, { "ref": "1913, William Horton Foster, “Refutation”, in Debating for Boys, page 78:", "text": "Apply these tests to his arguments and you will render your task of refutation easier. But in your refutation, be sure you refute. Don’t think for a minute that either heat or violence or sarcasm is a good answer.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "An act of refuting or disproving; the disproving of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine or theory by argument or countervailing proof; evidence of falseness." ], "id": "en-refutation-en-noun-YNf9kMWu", "links": [ [ "refuting", "refute" ], [ "disproving", "disprove" ], [ "argument", "argument" ], [ "opinion", "opinion" ], [ "testimony", "testimony" ], [ "doctrine", "doctrine" ], [ "theory", "theory" ], [ "countervail", "countervail" ], [ "evidence", "evidence" ], [ "falseness", "falseness" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "refutal" }, { "word": ";" }, { "word": "confutation" }, { "word": "disproof" } ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "othvǎrljane", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "отхвърляне" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "oprovergavane", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "опровергаване" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "反駁" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "fǎnbó", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "反驳" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "辯駁" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "biànbó", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "辩驳" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "駁議" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "bóyì", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "驳议" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "vyvrácení" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "gendrivelse" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "afkræftelse" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "weerlegging" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "refutatie" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "réfutation" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Widerlegung" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "note": "in writing", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Gegenschrift" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "anaskeví", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ανασκευή" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "anaíresi", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "αναίρεση" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "élenkhos", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "ἔλεγχος" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "bréagnú" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "refutazione" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "confutazione" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "contestazione" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "alt": "はんばく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hanbaku", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "反駁" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "banbak", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "반박" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "refutatio" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "refutação" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "oproveržénije", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "опроверже́ние" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "refutácija", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine", "literary", "obsolete" ], "word": "рефута́ция" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "Roman", "feminine" ], "word": "refutacija" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "Roman", "neuter" ], "word": "pobijanje" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "Roman", "neuter" ], "word": "opovrgavanje" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "refutación" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "vederläggning" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "motargument" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "motbevis" }, { "_dis1": "87 13", "code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "pabulaan" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "55 45", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "51 49", "kind": "other", "name": "English terms suffixed with -ation", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "51 49", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "52 48", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Czech translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "54 46", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Dutch translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "54 46", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with French translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "53 47", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Irish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "53 47", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Korean translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "53 47", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "49 51", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "53 47", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "53 47", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Tagalog translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "A vocal answer to an attack on one's assertions." ], "id": "en-refutation-en-noun-lO23zqSn", "links": [ [ "vocal", "vocal" ], [ "answer", "answer" ], [ "attack", "attack" ], [ "assertion", "assertion" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(proscribed) A vocal answer to an attack on one's assertions." ], "tags": [ "countable", "proscribed", "uncountable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-refutation.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-refutation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-refutation.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-refutation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-refutation.wav.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-eɪʃən" } ], "word": "refutation" }
{ "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms suffixed with -ation", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/eɪʃən", "Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/4 syllables", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations" ], "derived": [ { "word": "self-refutation" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "refute", "3": "-ation" }, "expansion": "By surface analysis, refute + -ation", "name": "surface analysis" } ], "etymology_text": "By surface analysis, refute + -ation.", "forms": [ { "form": "refutations", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "~" }, "expansion": "refutation (countable and uncountable, plural refutations)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "word": "repudiation" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "text": "Near-synonym: rebuttal (see note)" }, { "ref": "1913, William Horton Foster, “Refutation”, in Debating for Boys, page 78:", "text": "Apply these tests to his arguments and you will render your task of refutation easier. But in your refutation, be sure you refute. Don’t think for a minute that either heat or violence or sarcasm is a good answer.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "An act of refuting or disproving; the disproving of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine or theory by argument or countervailing proof; evidence of falseness." ], "links": [ [ "refuting", "refute" ], [ "disproving", "disprove" ], [ "argument", "argument" ], [ "opinion", "opinion" ], [ "testimony", "testimony" ], [ "doctrine", "doctrine" ], [ "theory", "theory" ], [ "countervail", "countervail" ], [ "evidence", "evidence" ], [ "falseness", "falseness" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "refutal" }, { "word": ";" }, { "word": "confutation" }, { "word": "disproof" } ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "English proscribed terms" ], "glosses": [ "A vocal answer to an attack on one's assertions." ], "links": [ [ "vocal", "vocal" ], [ "answer", "answer" ], [ "attack", "attack" ], [ "assertion", "assertion" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(proscribed) A vocal answer to an attack on one's assertions." ], "tags": [ "countable", "proscribed", "uncountable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-refutation.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-refutation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-refutation.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-refutation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-refutation.wav.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-eɪʃən" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "othvǎrljane", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "отхвърляне" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "oprovergavane", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "опровергаване" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "反駁" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "fǎnbó", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "反驳" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "辯駁" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "biànbó", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "辩驳" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "駁議" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "bóyì", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "驳议" }, { "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "vyvrácení" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "gendrivelse" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "afkræftelse" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "weerlegging" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "refutatie" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "réfutation" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Widerlegung" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "note": "in writing", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Gegenschrift" }, { "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "anaskeví", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ανασκευή" }, { "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "anaíresi", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "αναίρεση" }, { "code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "élenkhos", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "ἔλεγχος" }, { "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "bréagnú" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "refutazione" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "confutazione" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "contestazione" }, { "alt": "はんばく", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hanbaku", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "反駁" }, { "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "banbak", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "반박" }, { "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "refutatio" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "refutação" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "oproveržénije", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "опроверже́ние" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "refutácija", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine", "literary", "obsolete" ], "word": "рефута́ция" }, { "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "Roman", "feminine" ], "word": "refutacija" }, { "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "Roman", "neuter" ], "word": "pobijanje" }, { "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "Roman", "neuter" ], "word": "opovrgavanje" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "an act of refuting", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "refutación" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "vederläggning" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "motargument" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "motbevis" }, { "code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "an act of refuting", "word": "pabulaan" } ], "word": "refutation" }
Download raw JSONL data for refutation meaning in All languages combined (7.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.